NWP 48Effective 2026-03-15

Commercial Shellfish Mariculture Activities

Requirements at a Glance

  • Pre-Construction Notification (PCN) required when exceeding 0.5 acres
  • Authorized under Section 10 and Section 404
  • Does not authorize the cultivation of new non-indigenous species
  • Pre-construction notification (PCN) required for new activities over 1/2-acre
  • Must not authorize the construction of land-based support facilities
  • Must notAuthorize the cultivation of aquatic plants
  • Shellfish must be bivalve molluscs (oysters, clams, mussels, scallops)
  • Temporary fills must be removed and the site restored

Purpose & Scope

Nationwide Permit 48 authorizes structures, work, and discharges of dredged or fill material necessary for both new and continuing commercial shellfish mariculture operations. This includes the cultivation of bivalve molluscs such as oysters, mussels, clams, and scallops within authorized project areas. The permit covers the installation of buoys, floats, racks, trays, nets, and other structures required for the growth and harvesting of shellfish. The scope of this permit is limited to activities that result in no more than minimal individual and cumulative adverse environmental effects. It does not authorize the cultivation of non-indigenous species unless those species have been previously cultivated in the waterbody, nor does it authorize the construction of attendant features like land-based processing facilities, which would require separate permits.

What Changed in 2026

The 2026 reissuance of NWP 48 maintains the same national terms and conditions as the 2021 version, following a period where the permit was extensively litigated and subsequently revised. The Corps determined that the existing qualitative and quantitative limits, including the 1/2-acre notification threshold for new activities, remain appropriate for ensuring minimal environmental impact. Updates were made to the supporting decision document to reflect current environmental baseline data, including findings from the 2022 National Lakes Assessment and the 2021 National Wetland Condition Assessment. The Corps also clarified that the permit is intended to provide a predictable regulatory pathway for the mariculture industry while maintaining protections for submerged aquatic vegetation and other sensitive marine resources.

Who Needs This Permit?

Commercial shellfish farmers, mariculture companies, and aquaculture consultants use this permit. It is the primary regulatory authorization for anyone cultivating oysters, clams, or other bivalves in navigable waters that requires the placement of gear or minor discharges of fill.

Common Project Types

  • Installation of floating oyster cages and longlines
  • Placement of clam netting and predator control devices
  • On-bottom oyster shell planting for reef restoration/cultivation
  • Installation of racks and trays for scallop production
  • Mechanical harvesting of shellfish in authorized lease areas
  • Expansion of an existing shellfish farm into new project areas

Environmental Review

The Corps determined that the reissuance of NWP 48 results in 'no effect' on federally listed endangered or threatened species or their critical habitat. This finding is supported by General Condition 18, which requires that no activity 'may affect' listed resources unless project-specific ESA Section 7 consultation has been completed. District engineers also verify Essential Fish Habitat (EFH) compliance, often utilizing regional programmatic consultations to streamline reviews for mariculture operations. Compliance with Section 106 of the National Historic Preservation Act is ensured through General Condition 20. For any activity that has the potential to cause effects on historic properties, the permittee must submit a pre-construction notification, allowing the district engineer to complete the necessary review and consultation before granting authorization.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to submit a PCN for a continuing shellfish operation?

What is the PCN threshold for a brand-new shellfish farm?

Can I use NWP 48 to grow seaweed or kelp?

Does this permit allow me to build a pier for my farm?

What species are authorized under NWP 48?

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